Temple Architect and Construction Services

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• It literally means ‘womb-house’ and is a cave like sanctum.
• In the earliest temples, it was a small cubical structure with a single entrance.
• Later it grew into a larger complex.
• The Garbhagriha is made to house the main icon (main deity) which is itself

• It is the entrance to the temple.
• It may be a portico or colonnaded (series of columns placed at regular intervals) hall that incorporate space for a large number of worshippers.
• Dances and such other entertainments are practiced here.
• Some temples have multiple mandapas in different sizes named as Ardhamandapa, Mandapa and Mahamandapa.

• They are mountain like spire of a free standing temple.
• Shikhara is found in North Indian temples and Vimana is found in South Indian temples.
• Shikhara has a curving shape while vimana has a pyramidal like structure.

• It is a stone disc like structure at the top of the temple and they are common in North Indian temples.

• It is the topmost point of the temple and commonly seen in North Indian temples.

• Antarala is a transition area between the Garbhagriha and the temple’s main hall

• It is a raised platform for sitting and praying and is common in North Indian temples.

• It is the mount or vehicle of the temple’s main deity along with a standard pillar or Dhvaj which is placed axially before the sanctum. Sculptures, Iconography and Ornamentation Iconography is a branch of art history which studies the images of deities.
• It consists of identification of image based on certain symbols and mythology associated with them.
• Even though the fundamental myth and meaning of the deity may remain the same for centuries, its specific usage at a spot can be a response to its local or immediate social, political or geographical context. Every region and period produce its own distinct style of images with its regional variations in iconography. The temple is covered with elaborate sculptures and ornament that form a fundamental part of its conception.
• The placement of an image in a temple is carefully planned: for instance,river goddesses (Ganga and Yamuna) are visually found at the entrances in a Nagara temple, Dwarapalas are usually found on the gateway or gopurams of Dravida temples, similarly mithunas (erotic images), navagrahas ( the 9 auspicious planets) and Yakshas are also placed at the entrances to guard them.
• Various forms or aspects of the main divinity are to be found on the outer walls of the sanctum.
• The ashtadikpalas (deities of direction) face eight key directions on the outer walls of the sanctum and/or on the outer walls of the temple.
• Subsidiary shrines around the main temple are dedicated to the family or incarnations of the main deity.
• The various elements of ornamentation are gavaksha, vyala/ yali, kalpa-lata, amalaka, kalasha, etc.